After acceleration and removal of electrons, the emerging positive ions are magnetically separated by mass and the C counts per second are collected.

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Thus, ages are limited by the age of the process blanks (more on that below) and by the statistical uncertainty of the C ratios of the blank, the sample and the modern reference, respectively.

For small samples, blank contribution as a fraction of sample mass becomes a more important term, so a mass balance blank correction is applied.

However, limiting ages or "backgrounds" are also determined by process blanks which correspond to the method used to extract the carbon from the sample.

» NOSAMS General Statement of C from contamination introduced during chemical preparation, collection or handling.

Ages are calculated using 5568 years as the half-life of radiocarbon and are reported without reservoir corrections or calibration to calendar years.

For freeware programs, we suggest that you look at the following web site for a list of programs that will calibrate radiocarbon results to calendar years (including making reservoir corrections).[ Radiocarbon-Related Information Sources] The error in the age is given by 8033 times the relative error in the Fm .

Therefore a 1% error in fraction-modern leads to an 80 year error in the age.

Ages are rounded according to the convention of Stuiver & Polach, shown below.

There are two situations that limit an age; the first is that the measured Fm is smaller than that of the corresponding process blank measured in the same suite of samples on the AMS.

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